Friday, November 23, 2018

Newspaper Industry - 500 Word Essay


Print sales have declined for a number of reasons. The main reason is the rise in technology and where all newspapers are now accessible; the internet. With the sudden rise in technology and the internet, majority of newspaper companies such as The Guardian and Daily Mail have posted all their daily papers on their sites along with the front page being posted on the BBC site. This makes all newspapers easier to access and also more available, whilst being convenient to the public. All readers can now access them whenever they want without having to go out and pay for the papers, and instead, just look it up on the internet, assuming they have an internet connection or signal. Although it is cheaper for yourself to access the papers as you don’t have to actually purchase each daily paper, all paper companies ask for readers to subscribe to their paper in order for them to survive. This could also give their subscribers various perks that a casual reader wouldn’t gain.

Using the internet as your newspaper source is a positive. This is because all readers can comment on various articles and have conversations with other readers online to gain more opinions on the specific article. Although this can occasionally can start arguments on different opinions, people do find this very useful and informative to understand the full picture. However, using the internet to access your daily news does have its negatives. These negatives include requiring an internet connection in order to access your favourite papers, losing stories due to more recent stories overwriting them, more information is given by print newspapers and may also give physical eye strain. The biggest negative for the rise in online newspapers is that the biggest age for reading newspapers is the elderly, average of 65. Due to the elderly not well advanced with technology, they still prefer reading physical print newspapers compared to our online copies. But because the amount of print papers decreasing by the year, elderly cannot read their beloved newspapers. So, all newspaper companies are slowly losing their audience due to this change.

Citizen Journalism (the collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet) has made the mass media affect the traditional way for reporting and understanding news because of the audience reacting different to stories. For example, when there was a violent outbreak in Turkey during 2013, news stories over the internet had an outbreak over the comment and reported making fun and lying over the stories told. This brought controversy over whether or not information given by the general public was necessary because of these sensitive areas being derided.

According to studies, The Daily Mail had a decrease of 55% of print papers sold during 2000 since 1960. In comparison, online newspapers, which were first introduced in 2000, have been preferred by 55% of the public, that stated they prefer reading the daily news online rather than a print.

Comparing Different News Websites

The Guardian:
- is displayed in neat columns with lots of text - less colour than the tabloids, text and titles are in black and white - the content is formal and shows the proper news - the positive and negative stories going on in the world.

Financial Times:
- pictures to engage the reader - significant people on the front cover to illustrate what/who the stories are based on - more stories on the newspaper - does not feature the remembrance poppy

The Independent:
- Politics and talks of the environment and parliament - less colour - only in image of Donald Trump - Donald Trump symbolizes politics and connects countries because he is the president of America

The Daily Telegraph:
- Contrasts from the Daily Mail because it focuses on higher social classes as opposed to lower ones; such as The Sun where it discusses celebrity stories and drama, based on false news. - Politics - upper classes - intellectual readers - Small text, to fit more stories/more content

The Times:
- significant logo between the title symbolizes politics and old history - little changes have been made - shows target audience can be for the older generation and those interested in Brexit and other politicians. - statistics and figures - controversial topics such as cancer, Donald Trump

Daily Mail:
- Less text, therefore a large title covering over half of the front cover. - More colour - Inclusive - the poppy - symbolic - Spice Girls, a well known pop group that is likely to engage fans and those interested in celebrity gossip.

Metro:
- Newspapers such as the Daily Mail and Metro include something 'free' in order to make it more appealing to customers, so they want to purchase or read the article. - offers at the bottom of the page to show its informal - it promotes deals and discounts. - minimal text

Daily Mirror:
- Big story of a hate crime - celebrity drama of Ant and court - large title - advertising of a TV programmes.

Daily Star:
- offers and compares itself to The Sun on the front cover - '10p cheaper than The Sun' - celebrity stories - informal language - pun/word play - entertaining factors to engage the audience - bold/capital letters

The Sun:
-Larger images than newspapers such as the Guardian and the Independent - main focus on celebrities lives as opposed to the day to day people

Daily Express:
- large titles covering the front cover - presented as a lower social group newspaper - deals included - suggests the lower social classes also, so they can afford - not as educated to understand complex vocabulary

Guardian - Case Study

- First published in 1821
- Not profiting driven, not a commercial - Scott Trust
- Hoping to break even this year for the first time ever
- Have reached one million online subscribers this year
- Created positive actions scheme to encourage ethnic minorities to break down barriers as the decision makers are white male oxbridge home countries types
- Proud of their Windrush coverage which was initially just one story and then grew to the extent that - Amber Rudd had to redesign
- Osama Bin laden wrote column in The Guardian as a one off
- Wiki leaks and Ed Snowden story gained recognition abroad

Teenagers: Moody, Spotty, Lazy
Muslims: Terrorists
Gypsy's: Caravan, Tramp
America: Fat, Loud
Doctors: Clever, Smart
Essex Girls: Fake

Daily Mail News Values & Targeting Audience

There are 3 types of Daily Mail:
- Daily Mail
- Mail on Sunday
- Online

Target Audience:
Older Generation (Roughly 50 and over)

Males like a physical copy
Females like the online news



Guardian Reader Profile


All Adults %
Guardian Reader
Guardian Reader %
Solus


733000
80%
Social Grade
A
5%
158,000
14%

AB
26%
696,000
62%

ABC1
54&
994,000
89%
Age Group
15-24
16%
200,000
18%

25-34
16%
177,000
16%

35-44
17%
180,000
16%

45-54
17%
194,000
17%

55-64
14%
190,000
17%

65+
20%
178,000
16%
Gender
Male
49%
597,000
53%

Female
51%
522,000
47%

ABC1 Men
27%
528,000
47%

ABC1 Women
28%
460,000
41%
Education
TEA 18+
37%
813
73%

TEA 21+
22%
698
62%
Working Status
Full Time
42%
525,000
47%

Full Time 35+
27%
363,000
32%

Full Time 45+
17%
245,000
25%



Solus = Guardian Readers who do not read any other quality daily newspaper
TEA = Terminal Education Age

CUPPTUNE

C - Continuity: Stories that are already in news continue to run are updated.
U - Unexpectedness: An event that is a shock or out of the ordinary.
P - Personalisation: Stories that include human interest.
P - Proximity: Stories that are closer to home.
T - Threshold: The bigger the impact and reach of the story.
U - Unambiguous: Stories that are easy to understand.
N - Negativity: Bad news is more interesting.
E - Elite Persons: Stories about important people and powerful nations.

Newspaper Language

Types of Newspaper:

- Broadsheet - eg. Guardian
- Tabloid - eg. The Sun
- Mid Market - eg. Daily Mail

Types of News:

- Soft - Weather, Celeb Gossip etc.
- Hard - Attacks, Deaths, War etc

Tabloid vs Broadsheet vs Mid-Market


Guardian
Daily Mirror
Who was involved?
Dead Baby Gabriel.
Bidhya Sagar Das (Murderer)
Mihal Manea (Neighbour)
Bidhya Sagar Das (Murderer)
Cristinela Das (Mother)
Gabriel (Dead baby)
What Happened?
Bidhya got his hammer.
Twin seriously injured whilst one dead
Neighbour claimed saw mother run across street whilst screaming “My Kids!!”
Police were called at 11.10pm
Boy pronounced dead at 1am
Baby dead at early hours of day
Bidhya, 33, ‘dad’ was arrested

Where Did It Happen?
Finsbury Park, North London
Hackney, north London
When Did It Happen?
Police were called at 11.10pm
Boy pronounced dead at 1am
11pm Saturday
How Did It Happen?
Bidhya was too jealous.
Hammer went into baby
Baby went to sleep…
Bidhya has mental problem
Hammer from back of 3 story building

Why Did It Happen?
Bidhya was too jealous
Jealous

Tuesday, November 20, 2018

News Industries Research (10 Questions)


1. Amount of Advertising has halved since 2007 because:
- More expensive
- decreasing revenue
- Harder to find people who can advertise your industry

2. 
- ABC (Audit Broadcasting of Circulations is a non-profit organisation owned and also developed by the industry of media.

3.
- I think that all Sunday newspapers sell more compared to other days due to more people having free time to actually buy the newspapers, where they would be working on the other days so they wouldn't be able to buy them.

4.
- The leading broadsheet is Daily telegraph, the leading tabloid is the sun and the leading mid market is The daily mail.

5.
- The Daily mail is the 2nd most popular paper. In comparison, the Guardian is to be shown as in the lower ends of the scale. This may be due to Guardian obtaining a niche audience that is appealing to the paper, the Daily Mail is a Mid-market tabloid, therefore, it has content of both broadsheets and tabloids together, attracting all audiences.

6.
- The Guardian Media group is owned by the Scott Trust, a private company. Scott Trust aim to ensure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian.They aim for all papers values to be honest and fair with all articles that the reader will read. Because of this, the independence of most news stories and ideas attract a varied audience.

7.
- It is argued that the most important brand identity is about the online websites. This is because a large majority of commuters and other people have technological devices, such as laptops and tablets, that may not be able to download the application therefore it is easier to access the internet.

8.
- The UK newspapers have previously been viewed as the least trusted in Europe, according to the EBU. They took surveys from the public, 1000 in fact, and they found out that in each of 33 European countries for it's Trust in Media report, the UK is the least trusted written press of any European country.

9.
- The Independent Press Standards Organisations (IPSO) are the regulators for most of the UK's newspapers and magazines. They hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and maintain freedom of expression for the press. They make sure that member newspapers and magazines follow the editors code.

10.
- Advertising revenue for UK newspapers has gained sales for the first time in over than seven years. Display ads saw revenue growth of 1% year on year in the first quarter of 2018, putting it at a total of £152.6m for the period.

Friday, November 16, 2018

George Gerbner

Exposure to repeated pattern of representations over long periods of time can shape and influence the way, which people perceive the world around them.

Thursday, November 15, 2018

Tabloid vs Broadsheet vs Mid Market



This Tabloid shows a variation of photos and colour,            attempting to catch the audience's eye. The typography has a large, yellow font for the main headline. This shows how the company wants the audience to see a variation of articles, put into one page for the audience to find the relevant page inside to view the whole article. This also shows an informal style of newspaper that shows the audience a title to attract them inside the paper, for them to later flick through and view each article.








 This broadsheet shows one photo for an article, supplied with the main headline which has a large, black font. Similar to a tabloid, this style of font also is a common way to attract the audience but instead it uses an over dramatic presence to scare the reader into finding out more information to see what is actually happening. This is more formal, compared to a tabloid, which attracts its audience of the older generation.










This Mid-market tabloid shows a photo of Donald J Trump and how some people follow his thoughts whilst agreeing with his opinion. They main headline is rather small in comparison to the tabloid and broadsheet as it presents all information needed within the front cover, still providing the audience with a photo to backup any evidence found. This has been laid out in a more formal style, in comparison to a tabloid.

Wednesday, November 7, 2018

Advantages and Disadvantage of Online News

Advantages:

- Environmentally friendly
- Live Updates
- Your own personal account to choose topics
- Personalizing it
- Accessibility
- phones, tablets, pc, more practical
- Free (Paywalls daily telegraph, The Times)
- Contact Papers Quickly
- Comments on news stories
- audience participation
- More interaction, video
- Easy to Share

 Disadvantages:

- Holding something
- Internet required
- Can't keep the story
- Less Accessible for older generations
- Much more information in newspapers
- Website crashes, technical errors
- Pop ups
- Eye Strain

Tuesday, November 6, 2018

Analysis of 2 Front Covers



The Daily Mirror shows how Bruce Forsyth reported that the NHS saved his life. The Daily mirror decided to choose a large, blank, bold font to portray to the reader that the NHS is a great thing and you should never underestimate it. The main headline is supplied with a photo of Bruce and also a quote that he said to reporters. This choice of photo shows that Bruce is now happy after coming out of the NHS and has thanked them. Linking to Grebner's theory, this main headline shows to the reader how the NHS is amazing and you should always use it when needed.

In comparison, The Sunday Express states how the NHS are not doing their jobs by starving patients that end up dying. The Sunday Express chose it present this story by just using the main headline with no additional photos, so all they reader gets the see is the horrific figure. This relates to the theory Grebner because the reader only gathers negative and partially false information without the knowledge of why this is an occurrence.



This contrasts each newspaper how the NHS are saving but also not saving lives. This relates to Gerbner's theory that many papers will review the same story, concluding the same review even when there are many stories that are opposite them.

Sunday, November 4, 2018

Website Comparison


The Sun (70p)
The Times (£1.40)
The daily Mirror (£0.70)
Owned By
Currently it is owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp.
News UK
Trinity Mirror
Audience
The Sun’s audience is a middle class aged roughly aged between 15 and 44.
Majority of its audience is Adults aged 15+, consisting of ABC1 Adults or Adults 35+
The Daily Mirror are known to contain a premium audience of working class people aged between 18-30.
Online
96%, according to surveys, view the Sun over the internet on their phones
The Times can be accessed online as well on its Twitter page where they post a small amount of its articles for its audience to view.
The Daily Mirror can easily be accessed online where most of its audience comment on various articles.
Circulation
1,481,876 – Mar 2018
435,061 – Nov 2017
567,442 – Apr 2018
Political Alignment
Conservative
Conservative
Labour

Saturday, November 3, 2018

Representation in a Music Video



This video represents how the American stereotypes is viewed people people both inside and outside of the border.

This is America also shows the race stereotype within the background throughout the entire music video.black people fighting and breaking cars

At 1:40 during the music video, it cuts to a choir dancing and singing which leads the main character to walk in the side who, likewise, begins to dance to their song, making this a very jolly scene. However, this instantly fades to a fatal scene when the main character is handed a gun from someone off-screen and proceeds to shoot everyone in the choir. This represents how the American media are trying to brainwash their audience thinking that gun violence is okay and acceptable. This can also be interpreted from people who live outside America who think America is stereotyped as a country that resorts to gun violence and they use it way too much. This also occurs at the beginning of the song at 0:52 in the music video, where the main character is all happy and dancing and then pulls out a pistol and he shoots someone who is already been covered in a cloth-like material which makes the drop in the song.

Friday, November 2, 2018

Representation Notes.

Stereotypes:
- Media industries use stereotypes, which are usually repeated so we believe they're normal/true

Archetypes:
- 'Ultimate' stereotypes e.g. White stiletto wearing, big busted, brainless blonde bimbos

Counter-Type:
- Challenges tradition stereo-typically associations of groups

Representation:
- The way in which people, events and ideas are presented to the audience
- The media takes something that is already there and represents it to us in the way that they choose.
- They are created by producers of media texts
- What they choose to present to us is controlled by gatekeepers.

Gatekeepers:
- Any person involved in a media production with the power to make a decision about something the audience are allowed to.

Stuart Hall

His theory represents stereotypes in the media industry.