Term 1B - Newspaper Assessment

Questions were: 1.News values and conventions 2. Representation of Ethnicity 3. Technology 4. Shirky/Gerbner Identify a strength or strengths in your assessment: My online media/technology was my best answer when comparing to the other questions.  Getting 9 marks out of 10, I was able to identify various advantages and disadvantages of online media and how it has affected the audience. What are the areas you need to improve? I need to revise and go over representation of ethnicity and the other areas of DR CAGES so I have more to write about when answering the question. I also need to revise the theorists and need to understand how to answer theorists question with examples. What will you do to improve in your next assessment? Any particular areas or study skills? I will go over all theorists in order to understand what to write in such question and also revise DR CAGES for the same reason.

Daily Mail Front Page - Evaluation

   My Newspaper                                                                Inspiration

We were asked to make a Daily Mail newspaper front cover using various headlines told by Mr Bowers, where he stated many different stories that we could include into our front cover including Ladybirds with STD's and Salmonella poisoning. In the video, there was also a story about child obesity and how it effects their IQ and health, which was told by a Professor and also a witness. We were told that whilst also having these shocking articles within our covers, we had to add many Christmas touches to make it more festive.

In decided to make my newspaper front cover in Publisher because it is easy to move objects around and also to adapt various parts of the document.

I used many different tools within my newspaper. One of these was the site: https://store.typenetwork.com/foundry/fontbureau/fonts/whitman-display/condensed-extra-black. This was the font I used for the Headline as it is most similar to the actual font the Daily Mail use. 

The biggest obstacle I had to face was making all of my text and headline fit the page where there was no excess space and all text was in proportion to one another. This took me a while to overcome as there was always a problem with something, but after a while, all text went to proportion and it looks professional.

I chose my fonts because I wanted my newspaper to look as realistic as possible. I also used the format of the celebrity gossip on the right where the photo can correlate to the shocking article on the left.

My initial feedback was to fix my headline to make it all the same proportion. Others told me that the photo I used for my celebrity gossip could be cropped down and expanded in order to see the photo well enough.

I think that my Christmas market advertisement went well because it shows that the Christmas market is going to be huge and successful. It also give's the 'festive feeling' to all readers due to the pictures and text. Next time, i would add more about the effects of child obesity as it didn't expand on the topic enough.

Royal News Presentation

News Presentations

EU Referendum

- Encouraged By David Cameron
- 17.4 Million people voted to leave EU
- Result announced on 23rd June 2016
- 51.9% voted to leave compared to the 48.1% of the public who voted to remain
- Cameron decided to vote as he thought we wanted to remain

The NHS

- Touries are for private health care
- Patients are being urged to use private health care
- Been recent pressure on waiting times
- Cunsultant led, non-emergency - 18 weeks waiting list
- Between 2007-2009, 4.2 million down to 2.3 million back up to 4 million
- Junior doctors had to work an extra 30 hours

Windrush Generation

- Refers to immigrants invited to the UK
- They got kicked out/

Charlie Gard

- Born 4 August 2006 with a rare condition to do with his DNA
- Parents wanted therapy with him even though this therapy has never worked before.
- Only 1 hospital in America would accept to do the therapy but the British government woldn't let him travel.
- Trump and the Pope tweeted how they disagreed
- He died at 28 July 2017, aged 11 months

Online Media

Advantages:
 - Can be accessed from any device providing you have a connection to the internet
- More news can be given through online news
- Doesn’t cost you anything unless you subscribe to them
- More quick, regular, updated news
- Never out of news to read

Disadvantages:
- Still bias
- Fewer jobs if the news is more online now
- News reports overwrite old ones, so you have to screenshot or save old news if you want to keep   them
- The website can easily crash
- After a crash, the site can take time to reload back up
- Any technical issues can occur

Newspaper Industry - 500 Word Essay

Print sales have declined for a number of reasons. The main reason is the rise in technology and where all newspapers are now accessible; the internet. With the sudden rise in technology and the internet, majority of newspaper companies such as The Guardian and Daily Mail have posted all their daily papers on their sites along with the front page being posted on the BBC site. This makes all newspapers easier to access and also more available, whilst being convenient to the public. All readers can now access them whenever they want without having to go out and pay for the papers, and instead, just look it up on the internet, assuming they have an internet connection or signal. Although it is cheaper for yourself to access the papers as you don’t have to actually purchase each daily paper, all paper companies ask for readers to subscribe to their paper in order for them to survive. This could also give their subscribers various perks that a casual reader wouldn’t gain.

Using the internet as your newspaper source is a positive. This is because all readers can comment on various articles and have conversations with other readers online to gain more opinions on the specific article. Although this can occasionally can start arguments on different opinions, people do find this very useful and informative to understand the full picture. However, using the internet to access your daily news does have its negatives. These negatives include requiring an internet connection in order to access your favourite papers, losing stories due to more recent stories overwriting them, more information is given by print newspapers and may also give physical eye strain. The biggest negative for the rise in online newspapers is that the biggest age for reading newspapers is the elderly, average of 65. Due to the elderly not well advanced with technology, they still prefer reading physical print newspapers compared to our online copies. But because the amount of print papers decreasing by the year, elderly cannot read their beloved newspapers. So, all newspaper companies are slowly losing their audience due to this change.

Citizen Journalism (the collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet) has made the mass media affect the traditional way for reporting and understanding news because of the audience reacting different to stories. For example, when there was a violent outbreak in Turkey during 2013, news stories over the internet had an outbreak over the comment and reported making fun and lying over the stories told. This brought controversy over whether or not information given by the general public was necessary because of these sensitive areas being derided.

According to studies, The Daily Mail had a decrease of 55% of print papers sold during 2000 since 1960. In comparison, online newspapers, which were first introduced in 2000, have been preferred by 55% of the public, that stated they prefer reading the daily news online rather than a print.

Comparing Different News Websites

The Guardian:

- is displayed in neat columns with lots of text - less colour than the tabloids, text and titles are in black and white - the content is formal and shows the proper news - the positive and negative stories going on in the world.

Financial Times:

- pictures to engage the reader - significant people on the front cover to illustrate what/who the stories are based on - more stories on the newspaper - does not feature the remembrance poppy

The Independent:

- Politics and talks of the environment and parliament - less colour - only in image of Donald Trump - Donald Trump symbolizes politics and connects countries because he is the president of America

The Daily Telegraph:

- Contrasts from the Daily Mail because it focuses on higher social classes as opposed to lower ones; such as The Sun where it discusses celebrity stories and drama, based on false news. - Politics - upper classes - intellectual readers - Small text, to fit more stories/more content

The Times:

- significant logo between the title symbolizes politics and old history - little changes have been made - shows target audience can be for the older generation and those interested in Brexit and other politicians. - statistics and figures - controversial topics such as cancer, Donald Trump

Daily Mail:

- Less text, therefore a large title covering over half of the front cover. - More colour - Inclusive - the poppy - symbolic - Spice Girls, a well known pop group that is likely to engage fans and those interested in celebrity gossip.

Metro:

- Newspapers such as the Daily Mail and Metro include something 'free' in order to make it more appealing to customers, so they want to purchase or read the article. - offers at the bottom of the page to show its informal - it promotes deals and discounts. - minimal text

Daily Mirror:

- Big story of a hate crime - celebrity drama of Ant and court - large title - advertising of a TV programmes.

Daily Star:

- offers and compares itself to The Sun on the front cover - '10p cheaper than The Sun' - celebrity stories - informal language - pun/word play - entertaining factors to engage the audience - bold/capital letters

The Sun:

-Larger images than newspapers such as the Guardian and the Independent - main focus on celebrities lives as opposed to the day to day people

Daily Express:

- large titles covering the front cover - presented as a lower social group newspaper - deals included - suggests the lower social classes also, so they can afford - not as educated to understand complex vocabulary

Guardian - Case Study

- First published in 1821
- Not profiting driven, not a commercial - Scott Trust
- Hoping to break even this year for the first time ever
- Have reached one million online subscribers this year
- Created positive actions scheme to encourage ethnic minorities to break down barriers as the decision makers are white male oxbridge home countries types
- Proud of their Windrush coverage which was initially just one story and then grew to the extent that - Amber Rudd had to redesign
- Osama Bin laden wrote column in The Guardian as a one off
- Wiki leaks and Ed Snowden story gained recognition abroad

Teenagers: Moody, Spotty, Lazy
Muslims: Terrorists
Gypsy's: Caravan, Tramp
America: Fat, Loud
Doctors: Clever, Smart
Essex Girls: Fake

Daily Mail News Values & Targeting Audience

There are 3 types of Daily Mail:

- Daily Mail

- Mail on Sunday

- Online

Target Audience:
Older Generation (Roughly 50 and over)

Males like a physical copy
Females like the online news

Guardian Reader Profile
		All Adults %	Guardian Reader	Guardian Reader %
Solus			733000	80%
Social Grade	A	5%	158,000	14%
	AB	26%	696,000	62%
	ABC1	54&	994,000	89%
Age Group	15-24	16%	200,000	18%
	25-34	16%	177,000	16%
	35-44	17%	180,000	16%
	45-54	17%	194,000	17%
	55-64	14%	190,000	17%
	65+	20%	178,000	16%
Gender	Male	49%	597,000	53%
	Female	51%	522,000	47%
	ABC1 Men	27%	528,000	47%
	ABC1 Women	28%	460,000	41%
Education	TEA 18+	37%	813	73%
	TEA 21+	22%	698	62%
Working Status	Full Time	42%	525,000	47%
	Full Time 35+	27%	363,000	32%
	Full Time 45+	17%	245,000	25%

Solus = Guardian Readers who do not read any other quality daily newspaper
TEA = Terminal Education Age

CUPPTUNE

C - Continuity: Stories that are already in news continue to run are updated.
U - Unexpectedness: An event that is a shock or out of the ordinary.
P - Personalisation: Stories that include human interest.
P - Proximity: Stories that are closer to home.
T - Threshold: The bigger the impact and reach of the story.
U - Unambiguous: Stories that are easy to understand.
N - Negativity: Bad news is more interesting.
E - Elite Persons: Stories about important people and powerful nations.

Newspaper Language

Types of Newspaper:

- Broadsheet - eg. Guardian
- Tabloid - eg. The Sun
- Mid Market - eg. Daily Mail

Types of News:

- Soft - Weather, Celeb Gossip etc.
- Hard - Attacks, Deaths, War etc

Tabloid vs Broadsheet vs Mid-Market

	Guardian	Daily Mirror
Who was involved?	Dead Baby Gabriel. Bidhya Sagar Das (Murderer) Mihal Manea (Neighbour)	Bidhya Sagar Das (Murderer) Cristinela Das (Mother) Gabriel (Dead baby)
What Happened?	Bidhya got his hammer. Twin seriously injured whilst one dead Neighbour claimed saw mother run across street whilst screaming “My Kids!!” Police were called at 11.10pm Boy pronounced dead at 1am	Baby dead at early hours of day Bidhya, 33, ‘dad’ was arrested
Where Did It Happen?	Finsbury Park, North London	Hackney, north London
When Did It Happen?	Police were called at 11.10pm Boy pronounced dead at 1am	11pm Saturday
How Did It Happen?	Bidhya was too jealous. Hammer went into baby Baby went to sleep…	Bidhya has mental problem Hammer from back of 3 story building
Why Did It Happen?	Bidhya was too jealous	Jealous

News Industries Research (10 Questions)

1. Amount of Advertising has halved since 2007 because:

- More expensive
- decreasing revenue
- Harder to find people who can advertise your industry

2. 

- ABC (Audit Broadcasting of Circulations is a non-profit organisation owned and also developed by the industry of media.

3.
- I think that all Sunday newspapers sell more compared to other days due to more people having free time to actually buy the newspapers, where they would be working on the other days so they wouldn't be able to buy them.

4.
- The leading broadsheet is Daily telegraph, the leading tabloid is the sun and the leading mid market is The daily mail.

5.
- The Daily mail is the 2nd most popular paper. In comparison, the Guardian is to be shown as in the lower ends of the scale. This may be due to Guardian obtaining a niche audience that is appealing to the paper, the Daily Mail is a Mid-market tabloid, therefore, it has content of both broadsheets and tabloids together, attracting all audiences.

6.
- The Guardian Media group is owned by the Scott Trust, a private company. Scott Trust aim to ensure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian.They aim for all papers values to be honest and fair with all articles that the reader will read. Because of this, the independence of most news stories and ideas attract a varied audience.

7.
- It is argued that the most important brand identity is about the online websites. This is because a large majority of commuters and other people have technological devices, such as laptops and tablets, that may not be able to download the application therefore it is easier to access the internet.

8.
- The UK newspapers have previously been viewed as the least trusted in Europe, according to the EBU. They took surveys from the public, 1000 in fact, and they found out that in each of 33 European countries for it's Trust in Media report, the UK is the least trusted written press of any European country.

9.
- The Independent Press Standards Organisations (IPSO) are the regulators for most of the UK's newspapers and magazines. They hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and maintain freedom of expression for the press. They make sure that member newspapers and magazines follow the editors code.

10.
- Advertising revenue for UK newspapers has gained sales for the first time in over than seven years. Display ads saw revenue growth of 1% year on year in the first quarter of 2018, putting it at a total of £152.6m for the period.

George Gerbner

Exposure to repeated pattern of representations over long periods of time can shape and influence the way, which people perceive the world around them.

Tabloid vs Broadsheet vs Mid Market

This Tabloid shows a variation of photos and colour,            attempting to catch the audience's eye. The typography has a large, yellow font for the main headline. This shows how the company wants the audience to see a variation of articles, put into one page for the audience to find the relevant page inside to view the whole article. This also shows an informal style of newspaper that shows the audience a title to attract them inside the paper, for them to later flick through and view each article.

 This broadsheet shows one photo for an article, supplied with the main headline which has a large, black font. Similar to a tabloid, this style of font also is a common way to attract the audience but instead it uses an over dramatic presence to scare the reader into finding out more information to see what is actually happening. This is more formal, compared to a tabloid, which attracts its audience of the older generation.

This Mid-market tabloid shows a photo of Donald J Trump and how some people follow his thoughts whilst agreeing with his opinion. They main headline is rather small in comparison to the tabloid and broadsheet as it presents all information needed within the front cover, still providing the audience with a photo to backup any evidence found. This has been laid out in a more formal style, in comparison to a tabloid.

Advantages and Disadvantage of Online News

Advantages:

- Environmentally friendly
- Live Updates
- Your own personal account to choose topics
- Personalizing it
- Accessibility
- phones, tablets, pc, more practical
- Free (Paywalls daily telegraph, The Times)
- Contact Papers Quickly
- Comments on news stories
- audience participation
- More interaction, video
- Easy to Share

 Disadvantages:

- Holding something
- Internet required
- Can't keep the story
- Less Accessible for older generations
- Much more information in newspapers
- Website crashes, technical errors
- Pop ups
- Eye Strain

Analysis of 2 Front Covers

The Daily Mirror shows how Bruce Forsyth reported that the NHS saved his life. The Daily mirror decided to choose a large, blank, bold font to portray to the reader that the NHS is a great thing and you should never underestimate it. The main headline is supplied with a photo of Bruce and also a quote that he said to reporters. This choice of photo shows that Bruce is now happy after coming out of the NHS and has thanked them. Linking to Grebner's theory, this main headline shows to the reader how the NHS is amazing and you should always use it when needed.

In comparison, The Sunday Express states how the NHS are not doing their jobs by starving patients that end up dying. The Sunday Express chose it present this story by just using the main headline with no additional photos, so all they reader gets the see is the horrific figure. This relates to the theory Grebner because the reader only gathers negative and partially false information without the knowledge of why this is an occurrence.

This contrasts each newspaper how the NHS are saving but also not saving lives. This relates to Gerbner's theory that many papers will review the same story, concluding the same review even when there are many stories that are opposite them.

Newspaper Definitions

Website Comparison

	The Sun (70p)	The Times (£1.40)	The daily Mirror (£0.70)
Owned By	Currently it is owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp.	News UK	Trinity Mirror
Audience	The Sun’s audience is a middle class aged roughly aged between 15 and 44.	Majority of its audience is Adults aged 15+, consisting of ABC1 Adults or Adults 35+	The Daily Mirror are known to contain a premium audience of working class people aged between 18-30.
Online	96%, according to surveys, view the Sun over the internet on their phones	The Times can be accessed online as well on its Twitter page where they post a small amount of its articles for its audience to view.	The Daily Mirror can easily be accessed online where most of its audience comment on various articles.
Circulation	1,481,876 – Mar 2018	435,061 – Nov 2017	567,442 – Apr 2018
Political Alignment	Conservative	Conservative	Labour